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IAM (Identity and Access Management)
Definition
Identity and Access Management (IAM) is a framework of processes and technologies that ensures the right people have the right access to the right systems.
Identity and Access Management (IAM) is the framework of technologies, processes and policies ensuring the right people, at the right time, for the right reasons, have access to the right resources. According to Gartner, 75% of all security incidents report an identity-related root cause.
How does IAM work?
IAM manages the full lifecycle of digital identities: from account creation at onboarding to revoking all access rights at departure. The three core functions are authentication (who are you?), authorisation (what are you allowed to do?) and accounting (what did you do?). IAM systems centralise identity management via an identity provider serving as the authoritative source for all applications and systems.
Components of IAM
Single Sign-On (SSO) enables users to access all authorised applications with one login. Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) adds extra verification layers. Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) assigns rights based on functions and roles. Privileged Access Management (PAM) manages and monitors elevated accounts. Identity Governance and Administration (IGA) automates access rights management including periodic reviews. Conditional Access dynamically adjusts access policies based on context such as location, device and risk score.
Impact on organisations
Poor identity management is one of the largest attack vectors. Excessive rights, non-revoked accounts of departed employees and shared service accounts provide attackers with easy access points. NIS2 requires adequate identity and access management measures. ISO 27001 sets extensive access control requirements. DORA emphasises identity management as part of ICT risk management. Zero Trust architecture is impossible without solid IAM foundations.
Protection
Implement SSO combined with MFA for all users. Apply RBAC and least privilege principles. Automate identity onboarding and offboarding. Conduct regular access reviews. Monitor all authentication attempts via SIEM. Implement conditional access policies.
How DEFION helps
DEFION evaluates IAM implementations as part of Security Assessments and pentests. The team tests whether identity management processes contain exploitable vulnerabilities. CISO-as-a-Service assists in establishing a mature IAM strategy.