Encryption
Definition
Encryption converts readable data (plaintext) into unreadable data (ciphertext) using an algorithm and key. Only parties with the correct key can decrypt the data.
Encryption is the foundation of modern digital security. Examples: HTTPS encrypts web traffic, end-to-end encryption secures messages in WhatsApp, and AES-256 protects stored files.
Key concepts: symmetric encryption (same key for encryption and decryption), asymmetric encryption, and end-to-end encryption.